import AppKit
import ImageIO
import UniformTypeIdentifiers

@MainActor
public struct NoteMarkdownExport {
    public let clipboardText: String
    public var hasImages: Bool { !images.isEmpty }
    private let markdown: String
    private let images: [(name: String, data: Data)]

    public init(contents: NSAttributedString) throws {
        let contents = NoteDocument.markdown(contents)
        let source = contents.string as NSString
        var markdown = ""
        var clipboard = ""
        var images: [(name: String, data: Data)] = []
        var usedNames: Set<String> = ["note.md"]
        var cursor = 0
        while cursor < source.length {
            let range = source.range(of: "\u{fffc}", options: [], range: NSRange(location: cursor, length: source.length - cursor))
            let end = range.location == NSNotFound ? source.length : range.location
            let text = source.substring(with: NSRange(location: cursor, length: end - cursor))
            markdown += text
            clipboard += text
            guard range.location != NSNotFound else { break }
            if let value = contents.attribute(.attachment, at: range.location, effectiveRange: nil) {
                guard let attachment = value as? NSTextAttachment else { throw ExportError.unreadableAttachment }
                let (data, type) = try Self.imageData(attachment)
                let originalName = attachment.fileWrapper?.preferredFilename ?? attachment.fileWrapper?.filename
                let name = try Self.filename(originalName, type: type, index: images.count + 1, used: &usedNames)
                var alt = ""
                var ticks = 0
                var longestTicks = 0
                for character in name {
                    if "\\[]`*_<>!&".contains(character) { alt += "\\" }
                    alt.append(character)
                    ticks = character == "`" ? ticks + 1 : 0
                    longestTicks = max(longestTicks, ticks)
                }
                guard let target = name.addingPercentEncoding(withAllowedCharacters: Self.linkCharacters) else {
                    throw ExportError.unreadableAttachment
                }
                markdown += "![\(alt)](\(target))"
                let fence = String(repeating: "`", count: longestTicks + 1)
                clipboard += "\(fence)<\(name)>\(fence)"
                images.append((name, data))
            } else {
                markdown += "\u{fffc}"
                clipboard += "\u{fffc}"
            }
            cursor = NSMaxRange(range)
        }
        self.markdown = markdown
        clipboardText = clipboard
        self.images = images
    }

    public func write(to url: URL) throws {
        guard hasImages else {
            try markdown.write(to: url, atomically: true, encoding: .utf8)
            return
        }
        let manager = FileManager.default
        guard !manager.fileExists(atPath: url.path) else {
            throw CocoaError(.fileWriteFileExists, userInfo: [NSFilePathErrorKey: url.path])
        }
        let staging = url.deletingLastPathComponent().appendingPathComponent(".conjure-export-\(UUID().uuidString)", isDirectory: true)
        try manager.createDirectory(at: staging, withIntermediateDirectories: false)
        defer { try? manager.removeItem(at: staging) }
        try markdown.write(to: staging.appendingPathComponent("note.md"), atomically: false, encoding: .utf8)
        for image in images {
            try image.data.write(to: staging.appendingPathComponent(image.name))
        }
        try manager.moveItem(at: staging, to: url)
    }

    private static func imageData(_ attachment: NSTextAttachment) throws -> (Data, UTType) {
        if let wrapper = attachment.fileWrapper {
            guard wrapper.isRegularFile, let data = wrapper.regularFileContents,
                  let source = CGImageSourceCreateWithData(data as CFData, nil),
                  let identifier = CGImageSourceGetType(source),
                  let type = UTType(identifier as String), type.conforms(to: .image),
                  CGImageSourceCreateImageAtIndex(source, 0, nil) != nil else {
                throw ExportError.unreadableAttachment
            }
            return (data, type)
        }
        guard let image = attachment.image ?? (attachment.attachmentCell as? NSTextAttachmentCell)?.image,
              let cgImage = image.cgImage(forProposedRect: nil, context: nil, hints: nil),
              let png = NSBitmapImageRep(cgImage: cgImage).representation(using: .png, properties: [:]) else {
            throw ExportError.unreadableAttachment
        }
        return (png, .png)
    }

    private static func filename(_ original: String?, type: UTType, index: Int, used: inout Set<String>) throws -> String {
        guard let detectedExtension = type.preferredFilenameExtension else { throw ExportError.unreadableAttachment }
        var stem = "image-\(index)"
        var ext = detectedExtension
        if let original, isSafeFilename(original) {
            let path = original as NSString
            stem = path.deletingPathExtension
            if UTType(filenameExtension: path.pathExtension) == type { ext = path.pathExtension }
        }
        var name = "\(stem).\(ext)"
        var suffix = 2
        while !used.insert(name.folding(options: .caseInsensitive, locale: Self.filenameLocale)).inserted {
            name = "\(stem)-\(suffix).\(ext)"
            suffix += 1
        }
        return name
    }

    private static let linkCharacters = CharacterSet(charactersIn: "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789-._~")
    private static let reservedNames = Set(["con", "prn", "aux", "nul"] + (1...9).flatMap { ["com\($0)", "lpt\($0)"] })
    private static let filenameLocale = Locale(identifier: "en_US_POSIX")

    private static func isSafeFilename(_ name: String) -> Bool {
        guard !name.isEmpty, name.utf8.count <= 180,
              !name.hasPrefix("."), !name.hasSuffix("."),
              name == name.trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespacesAndNewlines),
              name.rangeOfCharacter(from: .controlCharacters) == nil,
              !name.contains("/"), !name.contains("\\"), !name.contains(":") else { return false }
        let stem = (name as NSString).deletingPathExtension.lowercased()
        return !reservedNames.contains(stem)
    }

    private enum ExportError: LocalizedError {
        case unreadableAttachment

        var errorDescription: String? {
            "This note contains an unsupported or unreadable image attachment. Nothing was exported."
        }
    }
}