conjure/Sources/ConjureKit/Applications.swift

import Foundation

public struct Application: Identifiable, Sendable {
    public enum Command: String, CaseIterable, Sendable {
        case translate
    }
    public static let commands = Command.allCases.map { Application(command: $0) }
    public let command: Command?
    public var id: URL { url }
    public let url: URL
    public let name: String
    fileprivate let searchableName: String
    fileprivate let searchableCharacters: [Character]
    fileprivate let searchableWordStarts: [Int]

    public init(url: URL, name: String) {
        self.init(canonicalURL: url.standardizedFileURL.resolvingSymlinksInPath(), name: name)
    }

    public init(command: Command) {
        let name = switch command {
        case .translate: "Conjure Translate"
        }
        self.init(canonicalURL: URL(string: "conjure-command://\(command.rawValue)")!, name: name, command: command)
    }

    fileprivate init(canonicalURL: URL, name: String, command: Command? = nil) {
        self.command = command
        url = command != nil || canonicalURL.hasDirectoryPath
            ? canonicalURL : URL(fileURLWithPath: canonicalURL.path, isDirectory: true)
        self.name = name
        searchableName = folded(name)
        let characters = Array(searchableName)
        searchableCharacters = characters
        var starts: [Int] = []
        var previousWasWordCharacter = false
        for index in characters.indices {
            let isWordCharacter = characters[index].isLetter || characters[index].isNumber
            if isWordCharacter && !previousWasWordCharacter { starts.append(index) }
            previousWasWordCharacter = isWordCharacter
        }
        searchableWordStarts = starts
    }
}

public enum ApplicationCatalog {
    public static var defaultRoots: [URL] {
        [
            URL(fileURLWithPath: "/Applications", isDirectory: true),
            URL(fileURLWithPath: "/System/Applications", isDirectory: true),
            URL(fileURLWithPath: "/System/Library/CoreServices/Applications", isDirectory: true),
            FileManager.default.homeDirectoryForCurrentUser.appendingPathComponent("Applications", isDirectory: true),
        ]
    }

    public static func discover(in roots: [URL] = defaultRoots) -> [Application] {
        let fileManager = FileManager.default
        var directories = roots
        var visitedDirectories = Set<URL>()
        var visitedApplications = Set<URL>()
        var applications: [Application] = []

        while let directory = directories.popLast() {
            let canonicalDirectory = directory.standardizedFileURL.resolvingSymlinksInPath()
            guard canonicalDirectory.pathExtension.lowercased() != "app",
                  visitedDirectories.insert(canonicalDirectory).inserted,
                  let entries = try? fileManager.contentsOfDirectory(
                    at: canonicalDirectory,
                    includingPropertiesForKeys: [.isDirectoryKey, .isHiddenKey],
                    options: [.skipsHiddenFiles]
                  ) else { continue }

            for entry in entries {
                guard let values = try? entry.resourceValues(forKeys: [.isHiddenKey]),
                      values.isHidden != true else { continue }
                let url = entry.standardizedFileURL.resolvingSymlinksInPath()
                guard let targetValues = try? url.resourceValues(forKeys: [.isDirectoryKey, .isHiddenKey]),
                      targetValues.isDirectory == true, targetValues.isHidden != true else { continue }

                if entry.pathExtension.lowercased() == "app" || url.pathExtension.lowercased() == "app" {
                    // Never expose helpers inside an application, even if its bundle is invalid.
                    guard visitedApplications.insert(url).inserted,
                          let bundle = Bundle(url: url),
                          let packageType = bundle.object(forInfoDictionaryKey: "CFBundlePackageType") as? String,
                          packageType == "APPL" || packageType == "XPC!",
                          let executable = bundle.executableURL,
                          let executableValues = try? executable.resourceValues(forKeys: [.isRegularFileKey]),
                          executableValues.isRegularFile == true,
                          fileManager.isExecutableFile(atPath: executable.path) else { continue }
                    let name = nonempty(bundle.object(forInfoDictionaryKey: "CFBundleDisplayName") as? String)
                        ?? nonempty(bundle.object(forInfoDictionaryKey: "CFBundleName") as? String)
                        ?? url.deletingPathExtension().lastPathComponent
                    applications.append(Application(canonicalURL: url, name: name))
                } else {
                    directories.append(url)
                }
            }
        }

        return applications.sorted(by: alphabetical)
    }
}

public enum ApplicationSearch {
    public static func results(for query: String, in applications: [Application]) -> [Application] {
        results(for: query, in: applications, breakingTiesWith: alphabetical)
    }

    static func results(
        for query: String, in applications: [Application],
        breakingTiesWith preferred: (Application, Application) -> Bool
    ) -> [Application] {
        let query = folded(query.trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespacesAndNewlines))
        guard !query.isEmpty else { return applications.sorted(by: preferred) }
        let characters = Array(query)
        var ranked = applications.compactMap { application -> (Application, Rank)? in
            let name = application.searchableName
            if name == query { return (application, Rank(category: 0)) }
            if name.hasPrefix(query) { return (application, Rank(category: 1)) }
            if application.searchableWordStarts.contains(where: {
                $0 > 0 && application.searchableCharacters[$0...].starts(with: characters)
            }) {
                return (application, Rank(category: 2))
            }
            if matchesWordInitials(characters, in: application) {
                return (application, Rank(category: 3))
            }
            if name.contains(query) { return (application, Rank(category: 4)) }
            guard let rank = fuzzyRank(characters, in: application.searchableCharacters) else { return nil }
            return (application, rank)
        }
        ranked.sort { lhs, rhs in
            if lhs.1 != rhs.1 { return lhs.1 < rhs.1 }
            return preferred(lhs.0, rhs.0)
        }
        return ranked.map(\.0)
    }

    private struct Rank: Comparable {
        let category: Int
        var gaps: Int = 0
        var start: Int = 0

        static func < (lhs: Rank, rhs: Rank) -> Bool {
            (lhs.category, lhs.gaps, lhs.start) < (rhs.category, rhs.gaps, rhs.start)
        }
    }

    private static func matchesWordInitials(_ query: [Character], in application: Application) -> Bool {
        var matched = 0
        for start in application.searchableWordStarts {
            guard application.searchableCharacters[start] == query[matched] else { continue }
            matched += 1
            if matched == query.count { return true }
        }
        return false
    }

    // ponytail: quadratic in app-name length; use a linear matcher if long command text becomes searchable.
    private static func fuzzyRank(_ query: [Character], in name: [Character]) -> Rank? {
        guard query.count <= name.count else { return nil }
        var best: Rank?
        for start in name.indices where name[start] == query[0] {
            var matched = 1
            var end = start
            while matched < query.count && end + 1 < name.count {
                end += 1
                if name[end] == query[matched] { matched += 1 }
            }
            guard matched == query.count else { continue }
            let rank = Rank(category: 5, gaps: end - start + 1 - query.count, start: start)
            if let best, best <= rank { continue }
            best = rank
        }
        return best
    }
}

private let searchLocale = Locale(identifier: "en_US_POSIX")

private func nonempty(_ name: String?) -> String? {
    guard let name, !name.trimmingCharacters(in: .whitespacesAndNewlines).isEmpty else { return nil }
    return name
}

private func folded(_ string: String) -> String {
    string.folding(options: [.caseInsensitive, .diacriticInsensitive], locale: searchLocale)
}

func alphabetical(_ lhs: Application, _ rhs: Application) -> Bool {
    let order = lhs.name.localizedStandardCompare(rhs.name)
    if order != .orderedSame { return order == .orderedAscending }
    if lhs.name != rhs.name { return lhs.name < rhs.name }
    return lhs.url.absoluteString < rhs.url.absoluteString
}