From 79a14dce1e7fd7a69cc70cb4ae3b576535fa0ff6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: hl-valdemar <valdemar.lorenzen@icloud.com>
Date: Fri, 9 Oct 2026 21:03:34 +0200
Subject: [PATCH] feat: add modal YouTube browsing and configurable streaming

---
 Cargo.lock     | 960 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 Cargo.toml     |   8 +
 src/main.rs    | 335 ++++++++++++++++-
 src/youtube.rs | 268 ++++++++++++++
 4 files changed, 1569 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 src/youtube.rs

diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index 209adfd..abf4387 100644
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+++ b/Cargo.lock
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 [[package]]
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diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 22d37d9..9c3a4cd 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -2,5 +2,13 @@
 name = "tubular"
 version = "0.1.0"
 edition = "2024"
+description = "A terminal YouTube browser that streams videos to your chosen player"
 
 [dependencies]
+clap = { version = "4.6.7", features = ["derive"] }
+ratatui = { version = "0.30.2", default-features = false, features = ["crossterm"] }
+serde = { version = "1.0.229", features = ["derive"] }
+serde_json = "1.0.151"
+
+[target."cfg(unix)".dependencies]
+libc = "0.2.190"
diff --git a/src/main.rs b/src/main.rs
index e7a11a9..91ddfa3 100644
--- a/src/main.rs
+++ b/src/main.rs
@@ -1,3 +1,334 @@
-fn main() {
-    println!("Hello, world!");
+//! A Ratatui YouTube browser backed by yt-dlp and FFmpeg, with no API key.
+//!
+//! Run `cargo run -- --player mpv --player-arg=--volume=50 "rust programming"`.
+//! Without a CLI query, start in insert mode; otherwise search and start in normal mode.
+//! Insert: Enter submits a changed query and returns to normal; Esc returns without searching.
+//! Normal: j/k selects, Enter streams, and i returns to insert mode to edit the query.
+//! The player must read media from standard input when passed `-`.
+//! Audio and video are streamed through a pipe, never saved to a video file.
+//! See `--help` for controls; replacing playback or quitting cancels its processes.
+
+mod youtube;
+
+use std::{ffi::OsString, io, time::Duration};
+
+use clap::Parser;
+use ratatui::{
+    DefaultTerminal, Frame,
+    crossterm::event::{self, Event, KeyCode, KeyEvent, KeyEventKind, KeyModifiers},
+    layout::{Constraint, Layout},
+    style::{Color, Style, Stylize},
+    widgets::{Block, Paragraph, Row, Table, TableState, Wrap},
+};
+use youtube::{Job, Playback, Video};
+
+#[derive(Parser)]
+#[command(
+    version,
+    about = "Search YouTube and stream videos to your chosen player",
+    after_help = "Requires yt-dlp, FFmpeg, and a player on PATH.\nThe player receives audio/video on standard input, with '-' as its last argument.\nWithout a CLI query, start in INSERT; a CLI query is searched automatically in NORMAL.\nINSERT: type to edit; Enter submits if changed and returns to NORMAL; Esc returns without submitting.\nNORMAL: j/k or arrows select; Enter streams; i edits the query; q quits.\nCtrl-U clears in INSERT; Ctrl-C quits in either mode.\nSelecting another video replaces playback. Quitting stops playback.\nExample: tubular --player mpv --player-arg=--volume=50 \"rust programming\""
+)]
+struct Options {
+    /// Player executable (must support '-' for media on standard input).
+    #[arg(long, default_value = "mpv")]
+    player: OsString,
+
+    /// Argument passed to the player before '-'; repeat for multiple arguments.
+    #[arg(long, allow_hyphen_values = true)]
+    player_arg: Vec<OsString>,
+
+    /// Optional initial YouTube search.
+    query: Option<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Debug, PartialEq, Eq)]
+enum Mode {
+    Insert,
+    Normal,
+}
+
+struct App {
+    options: Options,
+    query: String,
+    mode: Mode,
+    submitted_query: String,
+    videos: Vec<Video>,
+    selection: TableState,
+    job: Option<Job>,
+    playback: Option<Playback>,
+    status: String,
+}
+
+impl App {
+    fn new(options: Options) -> Self {
+        let query = options.query.clone().unwrap_or_default();
+        let mode = if query.trim().is_empty() {
+            Mode::Insert
+        } else {
+            Mode::Normal
+        };
+        Self {
+            options,
+            query,
+            mode,
+            submitted_query: String::new(),
+            videos: Vec::new(),
+            selection: TableState::default(),
+            job: None,
+            playback: None,
+            status: "Type a query, then press Enter.".into(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn search(&mut self) {
+        let query = self.query.trim();
+        if query.is_empty() {
+            self.status = "Enter a search first.".into();
+            return;
+        }
+        if query == self.submitted_query {
+            return;
+        }
+        match Job::search(query) {
+            Ok(job) => {
+                self.job = Some(job);
+                self.submitted_query = query.to_owned();
+                self.videos.clear();
+                self.selection = TableState::default();
+                self.status = format!("Searching for {query}...");
+            }
+            Err(error) => self.status = error.to_string(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn play(&mut self) {
+        if self.job.is_some() {
+            return;
+        }
+        let Some(video) = self
+            .selection
+            .selected()
+            .and_then(|index| self.videos.get(index))
+        else {
+            return;
+        };
+        match Playback::start(&video.id, &self.options.player, &self.options.player_arg) {
+            Ok(playback) => {
+                self.status = format!(
+                    "Streaming {} in {}...",
+                    video.title,
+                    self.options.player.to_string_lossy()
+                );
+                self.playback = Some(playback);
+            }
+            Err(error) => self.status = error.to_string(),
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn update(&mut self) {
+        if let Some(result) = self.job.as_mut().and_then(Job::poll) {
+            self.job = None;
+            self.status = match result.and_then(|output| youtube::search_results(&output)) {
+                Ok(videos) => {
+                    self.videos = videos;
+                    self.selection = TableState::default();
+                    self.selection
+                        .select((!self.videos.is_empty()).then_some(0));
+                    format!("{} results. Select a video to stream.", self.videos.len())
+                }
+                Err(error) => error,
+            };
+        }
+        if let Some(result) = self.playback.as_mut().and_then(Playback::poll) {
+            self.playback = None;
+            self.status = match result {
+                Ok(()) => "Playback finished.".into(),
+                Err(error) => error,
+            };
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn key(&mut self, key: KeyEvent) -> bool {
+        if key.code == KeyCode::Char('c') && key.modifiers.contains(KeyModifiers::CONTROL) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        if self.mode == Mode::Insert {
+            match key.code {
+                KeyCode::Esc => self.mode = Mode::Normal,
+                KeyCode::Enter => {
+                    self.search();
+                    self.mode = Mode::Normal;
+                }
+                KeyCode::Backspace => {
+                    self.query.pop();
+                }
+                KeyCode::Char('u') if key.modifiers.contains(KeyModifiers::CONTROL) => {
+                    self.query.clear();
+                }
+                KeyCode::Char(c)
+                    if !key
+                        .modifiers
+                        .intersects(KeyModifiers::CONTROL | KeyModifiers::ALT) =>
+                {
+                    self.query.push(c);
+                }
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        } else {
+            match key.code {
+                KeyCode::Char('q') => return true,
+                KeyCode::Char('i') => self.mode = Mode::Insert,
+                KeyCode::Enter => self.play(),
+                KeyCode::Down | KeyCode::Char('j') => self.selection.select_next(),
+                KeyCode::Up | KeyCode::Char('k') => self.selection.select_previous(),
+                KeyCode::Home | KeyCode::Char('g') => self.selection.select_first(),
+                KeyCode::End | KeyCode::Char('G') => self.selection.select_last(),
+                _ => {}
+            }
+        }
+        if let Some(index) = self
+            .selection
+            .selected()
+            .filter(|_| !self.videos.is_empty())
+        {
+            self.selection
+                .select(Some(index.min(self.videos.len() - 1)));
+        }
+        false
+    }
+
+    fn draw(&mut self, frame: &mut Frame) {
+        let [search, results, status, help] = Layout::vertical([
+            Constraint::Length(3),
+            Constraint::Min(3),
+            Constraint::Length(3),
+            Constraint::Length(1),
+        ])
+        .areas(frame.area());
+        let search_style = if self.mode == Mode::Insert {
+            Style::new().fg(Color::Cyan)
+        } else {
+            Style::new()
+        };
+        // End-only editing; scroll long queries without counting UTF-8 bytes as columns.
+        let query = ratatui::text::Line::raw(self.query.as_str());
+        let scroll = query
+            .width()
+            .saturating_sub(search.width.saturating_sub(3) as usize);
+        frame.render_widget(
+            Paragraph::new(query)
+                .scroll((0, scroll.min(u16::MAX as usize) as u16))
+                .block(
+                    Block::bordered()
+                        .title(" tubular / YouTube search ")
+                        .border_style(search_style),
+                ),
+            search,
+        );
+        let table = Table::new(
+            self.videos.iter().map(|video| {
+                Row::new([
+                    video.title.as_str(),
+                    video.channel.as_deref().unwrap_or("Unknown"),
+                ])
+            }),
+            [Constraint::Percentage(75), Constraint::Percentage(25)],
+        )
+        .header(Row::new(["Video", "Channel"]).bold())
+        .block(Block::bordered().title(" Results "))
+        .row_highlight_style(Style::new().fg(Color::Black).bg(Color::Cyan))
+        .highlight_symbol("> ");
+        frame.render_stateful_widget(table, results, &mut self.selection);
+        frame.render_widget(
+            Paragraph::new(self.status.as_str())
+                .wrap(Wrap { trim: true })
+                .block(Block::bordered().title(" Status ")),
+            status,
+        );
+        let help_text = match self.mode {
+            Mode::Insert => {
+                "INSERT · Enter search → normal · Esc normal · Ctrl-U clear · Ctrl-C quit"
+            }
+            Mode::Normal => "NORMAL · j/k or ↑/↓ select · Enter stream · i insert · q quit",
+        };
+        frame.render_widget(Paragraph::new(help_text).dim(), help);
+    }
+
+    fn run(mut self, terminal: &mut DefaultTerminal) -> io::Result<()> {
+        if !self.query.trim().is_empty() {
+            self.search();
+        }
+        loop {
+            self.update();
+            terminal.draw(|frame| self.draw(frame))?;
+            if event::poll(Duration::from_millis(100))?
+                && let Event::Key(key) = event::read()?
+                && key.kind != KeyEventKind::Release
+                && self.key(key)
+            {
+                return Ok(());
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+fn main() -> io::Result<()> {
+    let app = App::new(Options::parse());
+    ratatui::run(|terminal| app.run(terminal))
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn modal_keys_edit_or_navigate_without_submitting_on_escape() {
+        let mut app = App::new(Options::parse_from(["tubular"]));
+        assert_eq!(app.mode, Mode::Insert);
+        app.videos = vec![
+            Video {
+                id: "jNQXAC9IVRw".into(),
+                title: "Me at the zoo".into(),
+                channel: None,
+            },
+            Video {
+                id: "rQ_J9WH6CGk".into(),
+                title: "Rust course".into(),
+                channel: None,
+            },
+        ];
+        app.selection.select(Some(0));
+
+        for c in ['j', 'k', 'q'] {
+            assert!(!app.key(KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Char(c), KeyModifiers::NONE)));
+        }
+        app.update();
+        assert_eq!(app.query, "jkq");
+        assert_eq!(app.selection.selected(), Some(0));
+        assert!(app.job.is_none());
+
+        app.key(KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Esc, KeyModifiers::NONE));
+        assert_eq!(app.mode, Mode::Normal);
+        assert!(app.job.is_none());
+        app.key(KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Char('j'), KeyModifiers::NONE));
+        assert_eq!(app.selection.selected(), Some(1));
+        app.key(KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Char('k'), KeyModifiers::NONE));
+        assert_eq!(app.selection.selected(), Some(0));
+        app.key(KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Char('i'), KeyModifiers::NONE));
+        assert_eq!(app.mode, Mode::Insert);
+        app.key(KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Char('u'), KeyModifiers::CONTROL));
+        app.key(KeyEvent::new(KeyCode::Enter, KeyModifiers::NONE));
+        assert_eq!(app.mode, Mode::Normal);
+        assert!(app.query.is_empty());
+        assert!(app.job.is_none());
+
+        assert_eq!(
+            App::new(Options::parse_from(["tubular", "rust"])).mode,
+            Mode::Normal
+        );
+        assert_eq!(
+            App::new(Options::parse_from(["tubular", "  "])).mode,
+            Mode::Insert
+        );
+    }
 }
diff --git a/src/youtube.rs b/src/youtube.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d18d32b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/youtube.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+use std::{
+    ffi::{OsStr, OsString},
+    io::{self, Read},
+    process::{Child, Command, Stdio},
+    sync::mpsc::{self, Receiver, TryRecvError},
+    thread,
+};
+
+use serde::Deserialize;
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+pub struct Video {
+    pub id: String,
+    pub title: String,
+    pub channel: Option<String>,
+}
+
+#[derive(Deserialize)]
+struct SearchResults {
+    entries: Vec<Option<Video>>,
+}
+
+pub fn search_results(output: &str) -> Result<Vec<Video>, String> {
+    let results: SearchResults = serde_json::from_str(output)
+        .map_err(|error| format!("Invalid search response: {error}"))?;
+    let mut videos = Vec::new();
+    for mut video in results.entries.into_iter().flatten() {
+        if video.id.len() != 11
+            || !video
+                .id
+                .bytes()
+                .all(|c| c.is_ascii_alphanumeric() || c == b'-' || c == b'_')
+        {
+            return Err("Search returned an invalid YouTube video ID".into());
+        }
+        video.title.retain(|c| !c.is_control());
+        if let Some(channel) = &mut video.channel {
+            channel.retain(|c| !c.is_control());
+        }
+        videos.push(video);
+    }
+    Ok(videos)
+}
+
+// Own the extractor so replacing a request or quitting also cancels its process.
+pub struct Job {
+    child: Child,
+    output: Receiver<io::Result<(String, String)>>,
+}
+
+impl Job {
+    pub fn search(query: &str) -> io::Result<Self> {
+        let mut child = extractor()
+            .args(["--flat-playlist", "--dump-single-json"])
+            .arg(format!("ytsearch20:{query}"))
+            .stdin(Stdio::null())
+            .stdout(Stdio::piped())
+            .stderr(Stdio::piped())
+            .spawn()
+            .map_err(|error| {
+                io::Error::new(error.kind(), format!("Cannot start yt-dlp: {error}"))
+            })?;
+        let mut stdout = child.stdout.take().expect("stdout is piped");
+        let mut stderr = child.stderr.take().expect("stderr is piped");
+        let (sender, output) = mpsc::channel();
+        // Drain both pipes while the process runs; a full pipe must not stall the TUI.
+        thread::spawn(move || {
+            let stdout_reader = thread::spawn(move || {
+                let mut text = String::new();
+                stdout.read_to_string(&mut text).map(|_| text)
+            });
+            let mut errors = String::new();
+            let stderr_result = stderr.read_to_string(&mut errors);
+            let result = stdout_reader
+                .join()
+                .unwrap_or_else(|_| Err(io::Error::other("Output reader panicked")))
+                .and_then(|text| stderr_result.map(|_| (text, errors)));
+            let _ = sender.send(result);
+        });
+        Ok(Self { child, output })
+    }
+
+    pub fn poll(&mut self) -> Option<Result<String, String>> {
+        let status = match self.child.try_wait() {
+            Ok(Some(status)) => status,
+            Ok(None) => return None,
+            Err(error) => return Some(Err(format!("Cannot wait for yt-dlp: {error}"))),
+        };
+        match self.output.try_recv() {
+            Ok(Ok((output, _))) if status.success() => Some(Ok(output)),
+            Ok(Ok((_, errors))) => Some(Err(if errors.trim().is_empty() {
+                format!("yt-dlp exited with {status}")
+            } else {
+                errors.trim().to_owned()
+            })),
+            Ok(Err(error)) => Some(Err(format!("Cannot read yt-dlp output: {error}"))),
+            Err(TryRecvError::Empty) => None,
+            Err(TryRecvError::Disconnected) => {
+                Some(Err("yt-dlp output reader disconnected".into()))
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for Job {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        stop(&mut self.child);
+    }
+}
+
+fn isolated_command(program: &OsStr) -> Command {
+    let mut command = Command::new(program);
+    #[cfg(unix)]
+    {
+        use std::os::unix::process::CommandExt;
+        command.process_group(0);
+    }
+    command
+}
+
+fn extractor() -> Command {
+    let mut command = isolated_command(OsStr::new("yt-dlp"));
+    command.args(["--ignore-config", "--no-warnings", "--socket-timeout", "15"]);
+    command
+}
+
+fn stop(child: &mut Child) {
+    if matches!(child.try_wait(), Ok(None)) {
+        // SAFETY: isolated_command gives this still-running child its own process group.
+        // Cancel the whole group, including FFmpeg, without signaling the TUI.
+        #[cfg(unix)]
+        unsafe {
+            libc::kill(-(child.id() as i32), libc::SIGKILL);
+        }
+        let _ = child.kill();
+    }
+    let _ = child.wait();
+}
+
+fn read_errors(mut pipe: impl Read + Send + 'static) -> Receiver<io::Result<String>> {
+    let (sender, receiver) = mpsc::channel();
+    thread::spawn(move || {
+        let mut text = String::new();
+        let _ = sender.send(pipe.read_to_string(&mut text).map(|_| text));
+    });
+    receiver
+}
+
+fn failure(errors: &Receiver<io::Result<String>>, fallback: String) -> Option<Result<(), String>> {
+    match errors.try_recv() {
+        Ok(Ok(text)) => Some(Err(if text.trim().is_empty() {
+            fallback
+        } else {
+            text.trim().to_owned()
+        })),
+        Ok(Err(error)) => Some(Err(format!("{fallback}: {error}"))),
+        Err(TryRecvError::Empty) => None,
+        Err(TryRecvError::Disconnected) => Some(Err(fallback)),
+    }
+}
+
+pub struct Playback {
+    extractor: Child,
+    player: Child,
+    extractor_errors: Receiver<io::Result<String>>,
+    player_errors: Receiver<io::Result<String>>,
+}
+
+impl Playback {
+    pub fn start(id: &str, player: &OsStr, args: &[OsString]) -> io::Result<Self> {
+        let mut extractor = extractor()
+            .args([
+                "--quiet",
+                "--no-progress",
+                "--no-playlist",
+                "--no-cache-dir",
+                "--no-part",
+                "--format",
+                "b/bv+ba",
+                "--downloader",
+                "ffmpeg",
+                "--downloader-args",
+                "ffmpeg:-loglevel error",
+                "--output",
+                "-",
+            ])
+            .arg(format!("https://www.youtube.com/watch?v={id}"))
+            .stdin(Stdio::null())
+            .stdout(Stdio::piped())
+            .stderr(Stdio::piped())
+            .spawn()
+            .map_err(|error| {
+                io::Error::new(error.kind(), format!("Cannot start yt-dlp: {error}"))
+            })?;
+        let stream = extractor.stdout.take().expect("stdout is piped");
+        let player = match isolated_command(player)
+            .args(args)
+            .arg("-")
+            .stdin(Stdio::from(stream))
+            .stdout(Stdio::null())
+            .stderr(Stdio::piped())
+            .spawn()
+        {
+            Ok(player) => player,
+            Err(error) => {
+                stop(&mut extractor);
+                return Err(io::Error::new(
+                    error.kind(),
+                    format!("Cannot start player: {error}"),
+                ));
+            }
+        };
+        let mut player = player;
+        let extractor_errors = read_errors(extractor.stderr.take().expect("stderr is piped"));
+        let player_errors = read_errors(player.stderr.take().expect("stderr is piped"));
+        Ok(Self {
+            extractor,
+            player,
+            extractor_errors,
+            player_errors,
+        })
+    }
+
+    pub fn poll(&mut self) -> Option<Result<(), String>> {
+        match self.extractor.try_wait() {
+            Ok(Some(status)) if !status.success() => {
+                return failure(
+                    &self.extractor_errors,
+                    format!("yt-dlp exited with {status}"),
+                );
+            }
+            Err(error) => return Some(Err(format!("Cannot wait for yt-dlp: {error}"))),
+            _ => {}
+        }
+        match self.player.try_wait() {
+            Ok(Some(status)) if status.success() => Some(Ok(())),
+            Ok(Some(status)) => {
+                failure(&self.player_errors, format!("Player exited with {status}"))
+            }
+            Ok(None) => None,
+            Err(error) => Some(Err(format!("Cannot wait for player: {error}"))),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Drop for Playback {
+    fn drop(&mut self) {
+        stop(&mut self.extractor);
+        stop(&mut self.player);
+    }
+}
+
+#[cfg(test)]
+mod tests {
+    use super::*;
+
+    #[test]
+    fn search_handles_unavailable_entries_and_rejects_invalid_ids() {
+        let videos = search_results(
+            r#"{"entries":[null,{"id":"rQ_J9WH6CGk","title":"Rust\u001b","channel":null}]}"#,
+        )
+        .unwrap();
+        assert_eq!(videos[0].title, "Rust");
+        assert_eq!(videos[0].channel, None);
+        assert!(search_results(r#"{"entries":[{"id":"--bad","title":"Bad"}]}"#).is_err());
+        assert!(search_results("not JSON").is_err());
+    }
+}